{"id":25,"date":"2024-08-20T10:21:12","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T02:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnsn.rr.nu\/?p=25"},"modified":"2024-08-20T10:21:12","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T02:21:12","slug":"%e3%80%90%e4%be%af%e6%8d%b7-c-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e9%ab%98%e7%ba%a7%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e3%80%91%e8%af%be%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e6%b3%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cnsn.fun\/?p=25","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4faf\u6377 C++ \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u3011\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u6ce8\u91ca"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u7bc7\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u3010\u4faf\u6377 – C++\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61<\/a>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u3011\u5165\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e00\u5171\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u57fa\u7840\u7684OOP\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u603b\u8bfe\u65f6\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u5341\u6765\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u56db\u4e94\u5929\u5b66\u4e60\u4f1a\u633a\u8212\u670d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4faf\u6377\u89c6\u9891\u8d44\u6e90<\/h3>\n

\u6e90\u81ea\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u7f16\u7a0b\u6307\u5317<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5: https:\/\/pan.baidu.com\/s\/19REVrk-_3lpQu_fUmRBRUw<\/a> \u5bc6\u7801: 7iup<\/p>\n

\u6216\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeYoutube\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u7bc72 \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7684\u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n

\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u9690\u79c1\uff08\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Header\u9632\u536b\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e<\/h3>\n

\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f15\u5165\u5934\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6525\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

complex.h<\/strong><\/p>\n

#ifndef __COMPLEX__ \n#define __COMPLEX__\n\n#endif <\/code><\/pre>\n
Header\u5e03\u5c40<\/h3>\n
\u524d\u7f6e\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n
class ostream;\nclass complex;\n\nclass complex{};\n\ncomplex::function(){\n\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n
\u5e0c\u671b\u7c7b\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u7c7b\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n
template<typename T>\nclass complex{\npublic:\n    complex(T a,T b):re(a),im(b){}\nprivate:\n    T re,im;\n};\n\ncomplex<double> c2(2.5,1.5)\ncomplex<int> c1(2,6)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u7bc73 \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
inline \u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u5728class\u5185<\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3ainline\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u51fd\u6570\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u62d2\u7edd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5inline\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
access level \u8bbf\u95ee\u7ea7\u522b<\/h3>\n
public \/ private<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u8bae\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u653e\u5728private\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u5199\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5199\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
complex(double r = 0,double i = 0):\n    re(r), im(i){   }\n\ncomplex(double r = 0,double i = 0)\n    {   re = r ; im = i; }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u7b49\u4ef7\u53ef\u4ee5\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6307\u5165\u53c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51fa\u53c2\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528\u4f5c\u6210\u5458set\u548c\u7528\u4f5cget\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
double real() const{return re;}\n\nvoid real(double r){re = r;}<\/code><\/pre>\n
complex(double r = 0,double i = 0):\n    re(r), im(i){   }\n\ncomplex():\n    re(0), im(0){   }<\/code><\/pre>\n
Singleton \u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
\u628a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u653e\u5728private\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u516c\u5171\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n
class A{\npublic:\n    static A& getInstance();\n    setup(){...}\nprivate:\n    A(); \n    A(const A& rhs); \n}\n\nA& A::getInstance(){\n    static A a;\n    return a;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u7bc74 \u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h2>\n
const member functions \u5e38\u91cf\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5458\u503c\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u52a0const\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
double real() const{ reutrn re; }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff1apass by value vs. pass by reference(to const)<\/h3>\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f20ref\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f20value\u662f\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6808\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f20ref\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20ref\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b9\u4fbf\u6539\u503c<\/strong>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f20char\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u7ec6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\u4f20ref\u5feb\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u88ab\u6539\u503c\uff0c\u52a0const\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
complex& operator += (const complex&);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff1areturn by value vs. return by reference(to const)<\/h3>\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u8fd4ref\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n
friend \u53cb\u5143<\/h3>\n
\u901a\u5e38\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002**\u4f46\u662f\u53cb\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002**\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u53cb\u5143\u6709\u70b9\u8fdd\u53cd\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
class complex{\n\nprivate:\n\n    friend complex& __doapl(complex*,const complex& r);\n}\n\ninline complex&\n    __doapl(complex* ths, const complex& r){\n    ths->re += r.re; \n    this->im += r.im;\n    return *ths; \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u76f8\u540cclass\u7684\u5404\u4e2aobjects\u4e92\u4e3afriends<\/h4>\n
\u76f8\u540cclass\u7684\u5404\u4e2aobjects\u4e92\u4e3afriends\u3002\u5373\u540c\u7c7b\u7684objects\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8bbf\u95eeprivate data\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7bc75 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d operator overloading<\/h2>\n
\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7248\u672c \u542bthis<\/h3>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5199\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
complex c1;\ncomplex c2;\nc1 += c2;\n\ncomplex c3;\nc3 += c2 += c1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
inline complex& complex::operator += (const complex& r){\n    return __doapl(this,r);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u662fthis\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5199\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u975e\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7248\u672c \u4e0d\u542bthis<\/h3>\n
\u4e8c\u5143\u52a0\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
complex c1;\ncomplex c2;\n\nc2 = c1 + c2;\nc2 = c1 + 5;\nc2 = 7 + c1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56dereference\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u52a0\u7684object\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u65b0\u5efa\u4e14\u662flocal\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u65e0\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u6709\u7528\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0ereturn\u51fa\u53bb\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u81f4\u5417\uff1f<\/code><\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5143\u6b63\u8d1f<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
complex c1;\n+c1;\n-c1; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
inline complex&\noperator +(const complex& x){\n    return x;\n}\n\ninline complex&\noperator -(const complex& x){\n    return complex(-real(x),-imag(x));\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e8c\u5143\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u7b49<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
complex c1;\ncomplex c2;\n\nc1 == c2;\nc1 == 0;\n0 == c1; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u7b49<\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u7b49<\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
<<\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08std\u91cd\u8f7d\uff09<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
complex c1(2,1);\ncout << c1; \ncout << c1 << c1; <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\n\nostream&\noperator << (ostream& os, const compelex& x){\n    return os << '(' << real(x) <<',' << imag(x) << ')';\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u6848\u4f8b1\uff0ccomplex\uff0cclass without pointer member<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u6848\u4f8b2\uff0cstring\uff0cclass with pointer member<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
\u7bc77 Big Three\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u3001\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u6790\u6784<\/h2>\n
\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n
String s1();\nString s2("\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9152\u7cbe\u8fc7\u654f\u7684\u5e05\u54e5");\nString s3(s1); \ns3 = s2; <\/code><\/pre>\n
Big Three<\/h3>\n
\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e<\/h4>\n
**\u5982\u679c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u542b\u6709\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u542b\u6709copy ctor\u548ccopy op=\u3002*\u5426\u5219\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6f5c\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u7684char<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n
class String {\npublic:\n    String (const char* cstr = 0); \n    String (const String& str); \n    String& operator=(const String& s); \n    ~String(); \n    char* get_c_str() const(return m_data); \nprivate:\n    char* m_data;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
constructor\u548cdestructor\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n
inline \nString::String(const char* cstr = 0){\n    if (cstr){\n        m_data = new char[strlen(cstr)+1];\n        strcpy(m_data,cstr);\n    }\n    else{ \n        m_data = new char[1];\n        *m_data = '\\0';\n    }\n}\ninline \nString::~String(){\n    delete[] m_data;\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n
copy ctor\uff08\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\uff09<\/h4>\n
inline \nString::String(const String& str){\n    m_data = new char[str(str.m_data) + 1];\n    strcpy(m_data,str.m_data); \n }<\/code><\/pre>\n
copy assignment operator(\u62f7\u8d1d\u8d4b\u503c\u51fd\u6570)<\/h4>\n
inline\nString& String::operator=(const String& str){\n    if (this == &str){ \n        return *this;\n    }\n    delete[] m_data; \n    m_data = new char[ strlen(str.m_data) + 1]; \n    strcpy(m_data,str.m_data); \n    return *this;\n} <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7bc78 \u6808stack\u3001\u5806heap\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n
\u5806\u6808\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n